双相不锈钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金组织和性能研究

目的提高2205双相不锈钢的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。方法采用激光熔覆技术,在2205双相不锈钢基体表面制备钴基合金熔覆层。用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜检测钴基合金熔覆层的相组成和显微组织,用能谱仪测定熔覆层和基体界面区域的Fe和Cr元素分布,确定熔覆层界面过渡区域的宽度。用显微硬度计和湿砂磨粒磨损试验机,测试熔覆层硬度和耐磨性能。采用扫描电镜观察摩擦表面的磨损特性,分析钴基合金熔覆层的磨损机理。用电化学工作站测试熔覆层的电化学腐蚀特性,并用2205双相不锈钢作为对比试样做相应的性能试验。结果熔覆层由γ-Co固溶体和少量的Cr7C3、Cr2Ni3化合物相组成,界面处的熔覆层相组织是少量的平面晶和胞状晶,其他区域是发达的树枝晶。由于熔覆层由多道搭接和多层熔覆形成,树枝晶生长有方向性,但不是成固定的方向,并出现明显的分层现象。熔覆层过渡区范围为50μm左右,熔覆层平均显微硬度达477HV(0.1),远高于2205双相不锈钢基体(265HV(0.1))。当磨程达到3354m时,熔覆层的质量损失仅为10.3 mg,约为基体质量损失的1/3。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,熔覆层具有较高的极化电阻与电荷转移电阻和较小的自腐蚀电流。结论熔覆层组织致密,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,与基体呈良好的冶金结合,钴基合金熔覆层具有良好的耐磨粒磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

激光熔覆SiO2/La2O3梯度生物陶瓷涂层生物活性研究

目的研究SiO_2含量对钛合金表面激光熔覆梯度生物陶瓷涂层生物活性的影响。方法利用激光熔覆技术,采用梯度成分设计思想,固定涂层中稀土氧化物La_2O_3的添加量,在钛合金TC4表面制备了掺杂不同含量SiO_2的梯度生物陶瓷涂层。采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、噻唑蓝(MTT)及荧光素双醋酸酯(FDA)染色等测试手段,研究了SiO_2含量对激光熔覆制备梯度涂层的组织结构和生物活性的影响。结果 SiO_2在激光熔覆过程中可以降低梯度生物陶瓷涂层的开裂敏感性,并起到细化晶粒的作用。当SiO_2掺杂量为2.5%时,激光熔覆过程中诱导合成的HA+CaTiO_3数量最大;当SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%时,模拟体液(SBF)实验表明,涂层的矿化沉积能力最强。MTT测试表明,SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层细胞增殖数量的OD值最大,细胞能够紧贴涂层表面生长。FDA染色分析表明,SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层上细胞数量最多,且分布均匀。结论 SiO_2掺杂量深刻影响着生物活性陶瓷相HA和Ca_2SiO_4数量,进而影响生物陶瓷涂层的生物活性。SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层具有最佳的生物相容性及生物活性。     

低碳钢电弧熔覆增材层摩擦磨损及抗腐蚀性能

目的 针对低碳钢零件的破损失效采用TIG焊电弧熔覆增材制造工艺，研究低碳钢电弧熔覆修复使其达到再制造零件性能要求的可行性，为实现TIG焊修复应用提供保证。方法 通过TIG焊熔覆在低碳钢坡口处，对熔覆接头的显微组织进行分析，并测试修复后的增材层表面硬度性能。使用Nanovea Tribometer摩擦磨损仪和NanoveaPS50表面轮廓仪，对基体和增材层进行摩擦性能测试，并表征摩擦磨损后的表面形貌，探究磨损机理。采用电化学工作站对基体和增材层的腐蚀性能进行分析。结果 修复后的增材层显微硬度（220.17HV）高于基体且其摩擦性能和腐蚀性能优于基体，随着磨损载荷的增加，增材层的摩擦系数逐渐降低，磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。增材层表面组织均匀细小，在NaCl溶液中点蚀坑小且分散，增材层的腐蚀电流密度（1.8349×10-6 A/cm2）小于基体的腐蚀电流密度（6.5251×10-5 A/cm2），增材层表面的抗腐蚀能力明显提高。结论 电弧熔覆低碳钢可满足低碳钢零部件现场电弧快速修复对再制造性能的要求，实现了低碳钢破损零部件的表面修复与强化。     

精密电解加工共性关键技术及其在航空制造中的应用

飞行器上关键结构件的几何特征复杂,传统方式难以满足加工需求,精密电解加工技术具有无工具损耗、无机械切削力、加工定域性好的优点,适用于各种形状复杂、难加工、低刚度构件的加工,在航空制造领域占有重要地位。在介绍精密电解加工共性关键技术的基础上,阐述了其在航空制造中的典型应用,并对发展前景进行了展望。     

选区激光熔化成形AlSiMg3合金

基于选区激光熔化（SLM）技术熔体快速冷却的特点，通过提高Al-Si-Mg合金中Mg的含量，设计获得SLM技术专用AlSiMg3合金。系统研究了不同工艺参数和时效处理条件对SLM成形AlSiMg3合金组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，SLM成形样品均由α-Al、Si和Mg2Si相构成。高激光能量密度有利于增加粉末样品的成形性，当激光功率为160 W，扫描速度为200 mm/s时，样品具有最低孔隙率0.07%。随着激光扫描速度的增加，样品中富Si组织的比例逐渐升高，Mg元素在α-Al中固溶量逐渐增大，使得SLM成形样品的硬度逐渐升高，最大值为194±3 HV。样品经150 ℃时效处理后，由于α-Al内部纳米颗粒的析出，导致样品硬度增大，最大值为210±2 HV，远高于现有报道的SLM成形Al-Si和Al-Si-Mg铝合金。本研究报道了成形性和力学性能优异的SLM专用Al-Si-Mg合金。     

Microstructure and properties of WC-12Co composite coatings prepared by laser cladding

A comprehensive study of the phase composition, microstructure evolution, microhardness and wear performance of WC-12Co composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding using coaxial powder-feed mode was presented. It was shown that a combination of high scan speed and high laser energy density made WC on the edge of WC-12Co composite powders partially melt in liquid Co and 304 stainless steel matrix, and then new carbides consisting of lamellar WC and herringbone M₃W₃C (M=Fe, Co) were formed. Meanwhile, WC-12Co composite coatings with no porosity, cracks and drawbacks like decarburization were obtained, showing high densification and good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. Furthermore, a considerably high microhardness of HV_0.3 1500-1600, low coefficient of friction of 0.55 and wear rate of (2.15±0.31)×10^-7 mm³/(N·m) were achieved owing to the synergistic effect of excellent metallurgical bonding and fine microstructures of composite coating under laser power of 1500 W.     

基于工业机器人的液压支架导向套柔性制造系统

自动化技术在小批量多品种的产品制造中，存在兼容难、换产时间长、人工干预多等问题，导致生产线难以高效率运行。设计的柔性制造系统，在充分分析了导向套不同结构、不同规格的基础上，以一套六关节机器人和行走地轨作为物流搬运设备，同时负责3台数控设备、自动辊道上料设备、自动堆垛下料设备、翻转机构、打标机构及抽检机构的上下料，并通过使用机器人双工位卡爪、机床六爪卡盘、自动刀补等卡具及技术，实现了一键换产，极大提高了制造系统的柔性。     

Al2O3 eliminating defects in the Al coating by laser cladding to improve corrosion and wear resistance of Mg alloy

Although Al produces a solid metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy substrates, micropores or crevices in the Al coating can reduce the resistance of Mg alloy to corrosion. In this study, a composite coating with a defect-free microstructure was prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy substrate by introducing Al₂O₃ into the Al matrix via the method of laser cladding. On the one hand, Al₂O₃ with thermal insulation had a low thermal expansion coefficient and was not very prone to voids during laser melting. On the other hand, Al₂O₃ particles with a small size acted as the filler in the micropores or crevices. The Al/Al₂O₃ coating exhibited a smaller current density (2.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²) in comparison with those of bare substrate and Al coating (158.4 × 10⁻⁶ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm², respectively), which was mainly ascribed to the pore-free microstructure and high resistance to corrosion of Al₂O₃ phase. A favorable microhardness value of 95.3 HV was achieved for Al/Al₂O₃ coating, approximately 1.8 times higher than that of Al coating (52.8 V), which was mainly ascribed to the dispersion hardening of Al₂O₃ phase. Meanwhile, the Al/Al₂O₃ coating significantly reduced wear volume from 2.8 mm³/m of Al coating to 0.4 mm³/m, showing great potential for weight reduction applications.     

双光束激光焊匙孔动态特征分析

文中研究了高功率单光束激光焊与双光束激光焊过程中匙孔动态特征的差别. 结果表明，单光束激光焊及双光束激光焊接过程中匙孔均处于从产生到湮灭的剧烈波动的过程，不同于单光束激光焊匙孔的形成、长大、维持、缩小、湮灭过程，双光束激光焊的匙孔还存在分离长大及合并缩小的过程；在相同的焊接参数及焊缝具有相同熔深的条件下，双光束激光焊匙孔的波动频率约为单光束激光焊的2/3，单光束激光焊匙孔的开口面积均值约为双光束激光焊匙孔开口面积的1/2，开口面积的波动变异系数约为单光束激光的2倍，即双光束激光焊过程中匙孔较单光束激光焊的具有较高稳定性.     

Characterization of zirconia specimens fabricated by ceramic on-demand extrusion

The Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion (CODE) process is a novel additive manufacturing method for fabricating dense (~99% of theoretical density) ceramic components from aqueous, high solids loading pastes (>50?vol%). In this study, 3?mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) specimens were fabricated using the CODE process. The specimens were then dried in a humidity-controlled environmental chamber and afterwards sintered under atmospheric conditions. Mechanical properties of the sintered specimens were examined using ASTM standard test techniques, including density, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, Weibull modulus, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness. The microstructure was analyzed and grain size measured using scanning electron microscopy. The results were compared with those from Direct Inkjet Printing, Selective Laser Sintering, Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing (LCM), and other extrusion-based processes, and indicated that zirconia specimens produced by CODE exhibit superior mechanical properties among the additive manufacturing processes. Several sample components were produced to demonstrate CODE’s capability for fabricating geometrically complex ceramic components. The surface roughness of these components was also examined.